26. Debugging and Profiling

These libraries help you with Python development: the debugger enables you to step through code, analyze stack frames and set breakpoints etc., and the profilers run code and give you a detailed breakdown of execution times, allowing you to identify bottlenecks in your programs.

• 26.1. bdb — Debugger framework
• 26.2. pdb — The Python Debugger
• 26.3. Debugger Commands
• 26.4. The Python Profilers
  • 26.4.1. Introduction to the profilers
  • 26.4.2. Instant User’s Manual
  • 26.4.3. profile and cProfile Module Reference
  • 26.4.4. The Stats Class
  • 26.4.5. What Is Deterministic Profiling?
  • 26.4.6. Limitations
  • 26.4.7. Calibration
  • 26.4.8. Using a custom timer
• 26.5. hotshot — High performance logging profiler
  • 26.5.1. Profile Objects
  • 26.5.2. Using hotshot data
  • 26.5.3. Example Usage
• 26.6. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets
  • 26.6.1. Basic Examples
  • 26.6.2. Python Interface
  • 26.6.3. Command-Line Interface
  • 26.6.4. Examples
• 26.7. trace — Trace or track Python statement execution
  • 26.7.1. Command-Line Usage
    • 26.7.1.1. Main options
    • 26.7.1.2. Modifiers
    • 26.7.1.3. Filters
  • 26.7.2. Programmatic Interface